Scientists Identify Defect That Triggers Rheumatoid Arthritis

Roughly 1.5 million Americans suffer from rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is an autoimmune disease that causes systemic inflammation, commonly leading to intense joint pain and swelling in the extremities. Current treatment regimens can slow its progression, reducing pain and swelling, but they can't stop the progression of the disease. A recent discovery could lead to more effective medications against RA.

What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?

RA is an autoimmune condition that can cause crippling pain, often targeting the hands, feet and other joints in the arms and legs. More specifically, the immune system attacks the synovia, or part of the lining that protects joint cartilage. Over time, it can lead to damage and deformity in the joints.

RA inflammation is systemic, meaning it can affect other areas of the body, such as the cardiovascular system. The chronic inflammation involved is often so severe it can double a person’s chances of suffering a heart attack. No one knows exactly why some people get RA and others don’t, but genetics, hormones and environmental triggers all appear to play roles.

A New Puzzle Piece

Researchers at Stanford recently discovered connections between RA and faulty T cell function. T cells help the immune system target and destroy enemy proteins, but they’re also responsible for regulating an enzyme called AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). This enzyme controls the movement of glucose and fatty acids, which the body uses to regulate energy and shut off certain signals.

When an invader is present, the body uses this mechanism to divert the resources it needs to make even more T cells for an attack. AMPK lets the body know when to shut down this process. In people with RA, something appears to be inhibiting AMPK activation. This results in an unending cascade of T cells, leading to a vicious cycle of inflammation.

Early Trials

Experiments on mice have shown targeting the cells that inhibit AMPK activation can reverse RA inflammation. Drug trials on both mice and human cell cultures have been promising. Clinical trials on the drug, or one very similar, may begin soon. If it proves as safe and effective on humans as it is on mice, it could change the face of RA treatment.

The causes of RA might still elude researchers, but they’re solving the puzzle, one tiny piece at a time. With this newest piece, better treatment options might soon become available. Until then, you can help manage your RA symptoms by eating a diet high in fiber and omega-3 fatty acids, both of which help reduce inflammation throughout the body. Also, talk to your doctor about the pros and cons of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and other currently available treatments.

~ Here’s to Your Health and Wellness