Could You Be Allergic to Sunlight?

As many as 20% of people may have a sunlight allergy, ABC News reports. In addition to true sunlight allergies, some people may become sensitive/allergic to sunlight after taking a certain medication or using a topical product that contains select chemicals. Both types of photosensitivity present similarly with redness, rash, itchiness and, in some cases, blisters or welts.  

A surprisingly large segment of the population is allergic to sunlight. There are multiple types of sunlight allergies, including polymorphous light eruption, actinic prurigo and solar urticaria. The symptoms associated with these allergies can range from mild redness to painful blisters. What’s more, people with no history of a sun allergy can develop one after taking medications or using products that react with sunlight. This is called photoallergic eruption. Learn how to prevent and treat the symptoms associated with sunlight allergies below.

Types of Sunlight Allergies

There are several types of sunlight allergies, including polymorphous light eruption, actinic prurigo and solar urticaria. The symptoms associated with each type of allergy vary widely and may appear within minutes or days of sun exposure.

• Polymorphous Light Eruption - Affecting mostly caucasian women living in northern regions, polymorphous light eruption appears within 30 minutes of sun exposure. Symptoms include a rash consisting of clusters of small bumps, redness and rough patches. The visible symptoms are also accompanied by itching and burning. The rash usually clears up on its own within 10 days.
• Actinic Prurigo - This sun allergy can be found in anyone but is most common among dark-skinned people of Latin and Native American descent. Symptoms include extremely itchy papules and ulcers, which can weep, bleed or crust. While the rash usually appears on the face, neck, upper arms and hands, it can also affect the lips and eyes.
• Solar Urticaria - Rare, painful and serious, solar urticaria flares up within minutes of sun exposure. Symptoms can include itching, burning, rash, hives, wheezing and nausea. The severity of the symptoms usually correlates with the level and duration of sun exposure. Most symptoms associated with this allergy clear up within one to 24 hours after sun exposure stops.

Over time, sun allergies can change. In some cases, sun allergies can become less severe or clear up. However, they can also get worse in certain individuals.

Medication-Induced Allergies (Photoallergic Eruption)

Caused when certain chemicals react with sunlight exposure, photoallergic eruption is common in people who take medications, such as those prescribed for high blood pressure, heart failure, birth control and many others. Over-the-counter medications can also be responsible, as well as topical products, including cosmetics, fragrances and lotions.

How to Prevent and Treat Sunlight Allergies

The best way to prevent an allergic reaction is to limit sun exposure. In addition to staying out of direct or intense sunlight, wear a broad-spectrum sunscreen each time you go outdoors. Protect your skin by wearing pants, long sleeves and a wide-brimmed hat. Don’t forget your lips and your eyes; always wear sunglasses and put sunblock on your lips.

It may be possible to alleviate symptoms with antihistamines, cortisone creams and cold compresses. If symptoms are persistent or severe, it’s best to speak with a physician about other treatment options, such as oral steroids and prescription-strength creams.

Sun allergies can be frustrating, but there is help available. Limiting sun exposure and speaking with your doctor about other available treatment options is paramount.